Which of the following is the brain of the computer?
The CPU, often called the brain of the computer, processes instructions from programs, performs calculations, and controls other hardware components to execute tasks.
The first generation of computers used which of the following as their main component?
First-generation computers (1940s-1950s), like ENIAC, relied on vacuum tubes for switching and amplification, but they were large, power-hungry, and generated excessive heat.
A program written in a high-level language is called:
Source code is the human-readable version of a program written in a high-level language like Python or Java, which must be compiled or interpreted into machine code for execution.
Which of the following is an example of an output device?
A printer produces a physical copy of digital data as output, such as printed documents or images, allowing users to view information in hard copy form.
Binary code uses how many digits?
Binary code, the fundamental language of computers, uses only two digits: 0 and 1, representing off and on states in electronic circuits.
The process of converting data into information is known as:
Processing involves manipulating raw data through arithmetic or logical operations by the CPU to produce meaningful information, as per the IPO (Input-Process-Output) model.
Which topology connects all devices in a circle?
In a ring topology, each device connects to the next, forming a closed loop where data travels in one direction, allowing efficient transmission but vulnerable to single-point failures.
RAM stands for:
RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile memory that allows fast read/write access to data during program execution, essential for temporary storage of active processes.
An operating system is an example of:
System software, like operating systems (e.g., Windows), manages hardware and provides a platform for application software, handling tasks such as file management and resource allocation.
The smallest unit of data in a computer is a:
A bit (binary digit) is the smallest unit, representing a single 0 or 1; larger units like nibble (4 bits), byte (8 bits) build upon it.
Which of the following is used to store data permanently?
ROM (Read-Only Memory) retains data even without power, used for firmware and boot instructions, providing non-volatile permanent storage unlike volatile RAM or temporary cache/registers.
A spreadsheet software is used for:
Spreadsheets like Microsoft Excel perform numerical calculations, data analysis, and charting through formulas and functions, ideal for financial modeling and statistics.
The internet protocol for sending emails is:
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) handles the transmission of emails between servers, while HTTP is for web, FTP for files, and TCP/IP is a foundational suite.
Which key is used to refresh a web page?
The F5 key reloads the current web page in browsers like Chrome or Firefox, updating content without navigating away.
In binary, the decimal number 10 is represented as:
Decimal 10 = 8 + 2 = 2³ + 2¹ = 1010 in binary.
A firewall is used for:
A firewall monitors and controls incoming/outgoing network traffic based on security rules, blocking unauthorized access and threats like hackers.
Which of the following is a secondary storage device?
Floppy disks provide non-volatile secondary storage for data retention, unlike primary (RAM) or input/output devices.
The term 'GUI' stands for:
GUI allows users to interact with computers via visual icons, windows, and menus, making systems more intuitive than command-line interfaces.
In a database, a collection of related fields is called a:
A record (or row) groups related fields (columns) representing a single entity, e.g., a student's name, ID, and grade in a database.
Which programming language is known as a low-level language?
Assembly language uses mnemonic codes close to machine code, requiring hardware-specific instructions, unlike high-level languages like Python.
The speed of a processor is measured in:
Processor speed, or clock rate, is measured in Hz (cycles per second), e.g., GHz for billions of instructions per second.
A virus in computing refers to:
Computer viruses are self-replicating malware that attach to files or programs, spreading and causing harm like data corruption or system crashes.
Which of the following is not an example of application software?
Windows 10 is system software managing hardware and resources; Word, Photoshop, Excel are applications for specific user tasks.
The binary equivalent of decimal 5 is:
Decimal 5 = 4 + 1 = 2² + 2⁰ = 101 in binary.
In networking, LAN stands for:
LAN connects devices in a limited area like a home or office for resource sharing, contrasting with WAN for wider areas.
A modem is used to:
Modem (modulator-demodulator) converts digital signals to analog for transmission over phone lines or cable, enabling internet connectivity.
Which file extension is associated with executable files in Windows?
.exe files contain executable code that can run programs or applications directly on Windows systems.
The process of copying files from a backup to the original location is called:
Restore retrieves data from backups to recover lost or corrupted files, ensuring system continuity after failures.
In HTML, the tag used to create a hyperlink is:
The <a> (anchor) tag creates hyperlinks, with the href attribute specifying the URL, e.g., <a href='https://example.com'>Link</a>.
Which of the following is a volatile memory?
RAM loses data when power is off (volatile), used for temporary storage during operation; ROM and disks are non-volatile.
A pixel is the smallest unit in:
A pixel (picture element) is the tiniest addressable unit in a digital image, defined by color and position in a raster.
The fourth generation of computers is characterized by:
Fourth generation (1970s-), like IBM PC, used microprocessors (e.g., Intel 4004) for compact, affordable personal computing.
Which command is used to copy a file in DOS?
The COPY command duplicates files, e.g., COPY source.txt destination.txt, basic for file management in DOS.
Encryption is used to:
Encryption scrambles data using algorithms and keys, ensuring confidentiality and integrity during storage or transmission.
In a spreadsheet, the intersection of a row and column is called a:
A cell, addressed like A1, holds data, formulas, or functions, forming the basic building block of spreadsheets.
Which of the following is an example of a pointing device?
A mouse is a pointing device that controls cursor movement and selects items on the screen via optical or mechanical sensors.
The World Wide Web was invented by:
Tim Berners-Lee developed the WWW in 1989 at CERN, creating HTTP, HTML, and URLs to enable hypertext information sharing.
A nibble consists of how many bits?
A nibble is half a byte, comprising 4 bits, often used to represent hexadecimal digits (0-9, A-F).
Which software is used for creating presentations?
Microsoft PowerPoint designs slide-based presentations with text, images, animations, and transitions for effective communication.
The term 'debugging' in programming means:
Debugging identifies, analyzes, and removes bugs (errors) in code using tools like debuggers to ensure reliable software operation.
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