WAEC Fine Art 2019
Questions & Answers

Gwari (Gbagyi) pottery is known for its coiled clay technique, creating large, functional pots with geometric designs, often used for storage or rituals.

Value refers to the use of light and dark to create contrast, enhancing depth and focus in an artwork, often used in techniques like chiaroscuro.

Etruscan art, from 1200-100 BC, is known for terracotta sarcophagi with lively figures, often depicting the deceased in relaxed poses, as seen in the Sarcophagus of the Spouses.

The Ekoi (Ejagham) people are known for their skin-covered masks, used in ceremonies to represent ancestors, often featuring realistic human features.

Variety refers to the use of diverse elements, such as different shapes or colors, to create visual interest and prevent monotony in a composition.

Impasto involves applying paint with a palette knife in thick layers, creating a textured surface, often used to add depth and emotion, as seen in Van Gogh’s works.

The Ukwuani people are known for their wooden ancestral figures, used in shrines to honor the dead, reflecting their spiritual beliefs in the Niger Delta.

Shape refers to a two-dimensional area defined by boundaries, such as a circle or square, as opposed to a three-dimensional form.

Expressionism used bold, expressive brushstrokes to capture emotion, often distorting reality, as seen in works by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner.

Black pigment in African art often symbolizes mourning and death, used in rituals to honor the deceased, as seen in various cultures.

Relief printing uses a raised surface to apply ink, pressing it onto paper, as seen in techniques like woodcut and linocut.

Sumerian art, from 4500-1900 BC, is known for votive statues with large eyes, symbolizing devotion, as seen in figures from the Abu Temple.

The Etsako people, an Edo subgroup, are known for their wooden carvings, often depicting ancestors or deities, used in spiritual practices.

Movement guides the viewer's eye through a composition, often through lines, shapes, or patterns, creating a sense of flow or direction.

Thomas Cole was a founder of the Hudson River School, a 19th-century American movement focusing on romantic landscapes, as seen in *The Oxbow*.

Elephants symbolize strength and wisdom in Yoruba art, often depicted on royal crowns to represent the king's power and longevity.

Stencil printing uses a stencil to block ink, allowing it to pass through only certain areas, creating a print, often used in silkscreen printing.

Mayan art, from 2000 BC to 1500 AD, is known for its stone carvings and hieroglyphs, often depicting rulers and deities, as seen in Chichen Itza.

The Ika people, from the Niger Delta, are known for their wooden ancestral figures, used in shrines to honor the dead, reflecting their cultural beliefs.

Color creates mood in an artwork, with warm colors evoking energy and cool colors creating calmness, influencing emotional impact.

Twins Seven-Seven was a key participant in the Mbari Mbayo workshops in Oshogbo, where artists explored Yoruba mythology through modern art forms.

Cow horns in African masquerades often symbolize strength and power, associated with animals like bulls, as seen in various Nigerian cultures.

Woodcut involves carving a design into a woodblock, inking the raised areas, and pressing it onto paper, a traditional printmaking technique.

Incan art, from 1200-1533 AD, is known for its stone masonry, as in Machu Picchu, and gold work, often depicting deities and rulers.

The Okpe people, from the Niger Delta, are known for their wooden shrine figures, used in ancestral worship, reflecting their spiritual beliefs.

Proportion refers to the relationship of sizes within a composition, ensuring realistic or intentional scaling of elements.

Pierre Bonnard was a member of the Nabis, a late 19th-century movement focusing on symbolic and decorative art, often with intimate domestic scenes.

The Oba’s fan in Yoruba art often features beaded patterns, symbolizing royal authority and prestige, used during ceremonies.

Etching involves scratching a design into a metal plate with acid, creating lines that hold ink for printing, a technique used by artists like Rembrandt.

Renaissance painting used linear perspective to create depth and sfumato for soft transitions, as seen in Leonardo da Vinci’s *Mona Lisa*.

The Esan people, an Edo subgroup, are known for their wooden carvings, often depicting ancestors or deities, used in spiritual practices.

Space refers to the area around, between, or within objects, creating depth and composition in an artwork.

Romanticism, a late 18th to early 19th-century movement, focused on the beauty and power of the natural world, as seen in works by J.M.W. Turner.

Balance creates a sense of stability in a composition through the symmetrical or asymmetrical arrangement of visual weight.

Mbari houses are elaborate mud-built shrines adorned with sculptures depicting Igbo deities, spirits, and cultural motifs.

Texture refers to the surface quality of an artwork, which can be actual (tactile) or implied (visual), adding realism or interest.

Uli is a traditional Igbo art form involving temporary body and wall paintings using natural dyes, symbolizing beauty and spiritual significance.

Overlapping occurs when one object partially covers another, providing a cue for depth and spatial relationships in two-dimensional art.

Pablo Picasso's 'Guernica' (1937) is a powerful anti-war mural in cubist style, depicting the bombing of the Basque town during the Spanish Civil War.

Scarification in African cultures marks rites of passage, social status, and provides spiritual protection, varying by ethnic group.