WAEC Past Questions

WAEC Insurance 2023
Questions & Answers

40 questions · Correct answers highlighted · 40 with explanations

40 Total Questions
2023 Exam Year
40 With Explanations
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1
Question 1 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

Which of the following is a function of the insurance broker?

A. Underwriting risks
B. Arranging cover on behalf of the client
C. Settling claims directly
D. Investing premiums
Explanation

An insurance broker acts as an intermediary representing the client, advising on suitable covers, and arranging policies with insurers. Underwriting is the insurer's role, claims settlement involves adjusters, and premium investment is by the insurer.

2
Question 2 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

The principle of indemnity ensures that the insured receives

A. More than the loss suffered
B. Compensation equal to the loss
C. A fixed sum regardless of loss
D. Premium refund
Explanation

Indemnity restores the insured to their pre-loss financial position, compensating exactly for the proven loss without profit. Fixed sums apply to life assurance, not indemnity-based policies.

3
Question 3 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

In life assurance, the proposer must have insurable interest at the time of

A. Proposal
B. Claim
C. Renewal
D. Lapse
Explanation

For life assurance, insurable interest must exist at the policy's inception (proposal) to prevent wagering, but not necessarily at claim time, unlike property insurance.

4
Question 4 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

A policy that covers risks for a specific period and pays only on death during that period is

A. Whole life assurance
B. Term assurance
C. Endowment assurance
D. Annuity
Explanation

Term assurance provides temporary cover for a fixed period, paying the sum assured only if death occurs within the term; no maturity benefit if survival.

5
Question 5 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

The Insurance Act in Nigeria requires insurers to maintain

A. Solvency margin
B. Profit margin
C. Market share
D. Client base
Explanation

Nigeria's Insurance Act (2003) mandates a solvency margin (minimum capital relative to liabilities) to ensure insurers can meet claims, regulated by NAICOM.

6
Question 6 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

Which of the following is excluded under standard motor insurance?

A. Collision damage
B. Driver under influence
C. Theft
D. Fire damage
Explanation

Standard motor policies exclude cover if the driver is under the influence of alcohol or drugs, as it constitutes negligence. Other perils like collision, theft, and fire are typically included.

7
Question 7 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

The document that amends the terms of an insurance policy is called

A. Endorsement
B. Rider
C. Addendum
D. Both A and B
Explanation

An endorsement (or rider) modifies policy terms, adding, deleting, or altering cover. Both terms are used interchangeably in insurance documentation.

8
Question 8 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

Crop insurance falls under

A. Marine insurance
B. Agricultural insurance
C. Fire insurance
D. Liability insurance
Explanation

Agricultural insurance covers farm risks like crop failure due to weather or pests, distinct from marine (shipping), fire (property), or liability (third-party claims).

9
Question 9 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

The insured's duty to take reasonable steps to minimize loss is based on

A. Mitigation of loss
B. Utmost good faith
C. Subrogation
D. Contribution
Explanation

Mitigation of loss requires the insured to prevent or reduce damage post-event, upholding indemnity by avoiding unnecessary claims.

10
Question 10 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

A joint life policy covers

A. Two or more lives simultaneously
B. Single life only
C. Property only
D. Business interruption
Explanation

Joint life policies insure multiple lives (e.g., spouses) under one contract, paying on the first death, for shared financial dependencies.

11
Question 11 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

In fire insurance, riots and strikes are covered under

A. Perils of the sea
B. Extended perils
C. Basic perils
D. Excluded risks
Explanation

Extended perils in fire policies include riots, strikes, and malicious damage, beyond basic fire, lightning, and explosion.

12
Question 12 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

The premium calculation is based on

A. Actuarial principles
B. Market forces only
C. Government rates
D. Client's income
Explanation

Actuarial science uses statistics to assess risks and calculate premiums ensuring profitability and solvency, considering probability and loss severity.

13
Question 13 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

Professional indemnity insurance protects against claims for

A. Negligence in professional services
B. Property damage
C. Employee theft
D. Product defects
Explanation

Professional indemnity covers legal liability for errors, omissions, or negligence in advice/services, e.g., for doctors or lawyers.

14
Question 14 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

The grace period for premium payment in life policies is usually

A. 7 days
B. 30 days
C. 60 days
D. 90 days
Explanation

A 30-day grace period allows continued cover despite late premium, preventing immediate lapse; common in life policies.

15
Question 15 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

Sinking fund policy is used to

A. Replace assets over time
B. Pay death benefits
C. Cover health costs
D. Insure vehicles
Explanation

Sinking fund policies accumulate value to replace depreciating assets like machinery, combining assurance with savings.

16
Question 16 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

Which is a feature of non-life insurance?

A. Fixed benefits
B. Renewal annually
C. Payable on survival
D. Tax-free maturity
Explanation

Non-life (general) insurance policies renew annually or periodically, unlike life policies which are long-term without renewal.

17
Question 17 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

The National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) in Nigeria regulates

A. Banks only
B. Insurance companies
C. Stock markets
D. Real estate
Explanation

NAICOM oversees insurance market conduct, solvency, and consumer protection under the Insurance Act 2003.

18
Question 18 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

A valued policy specifies the

A. Agreed value of the subject matter
B. Premium amount
C. Claim procedure
D. Renewal date
Explanation

Valued policies pre-agree the sum insured as the value, simplifying claims for items like art, avoiding disputes.

19
Question 19 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

Money insurance covers loss of

A. Cash in transit or safe
B. Property by fire
C. Goods in warehouse
D. Vehicles
Explanation

Money insurance protects against theft or loss of cash during transit or in safes/vaults.

20
Question 20 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

The doctrine of causa proxima means

A. Nearest cause determines liability
B. Remote cause is ignored
C. Insured must prove cause
D. All of the above
Explanation

Causa proxima (proximate cause) holds the insurer liable for the dominant, effective cause; remote causes are irrelevant, and proof is on the insured.

21
Question 21 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

Travel insurance typically includes cover for

A. Medical emergencies abroad
B. Home burglary
C. Car breakdown
D. Business losses
Explanation

Travel policies cover trip-related risks like medical treatment, evacuation, and lost baggage abroad.

22
Question 22 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

In reinsurance, a treaty is

A. An automatic arrangement for a class of risks
B. A single risk cover
C. A facultative agreement
D. A broker's contract
Explanation

Reinsurance treaties automatically cede entire classes of risks to reinsurers, unlike facultative for individual risks.

23
Question 23 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

The insured must notify the insurer of a change in risk under

A. Utmost good faith
B. Material alteration
C. Both A and B
D. Indemnity
Explanation

Utmost good faith (uberrimae fidei) requires disclosing material changes; material alterations trigger notification to adjust cover.

24
Question 24 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

Plate glass insurance covers

A. Breakage of windows and showcases
B. Fire damage to building
C. Theft of contents
D. Flood damage
Explanation

Plate glass policies insure fixed glass in buildings/shops against breakage, not fire/theft/flood which have separate covers.

25
Question 25 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

A lapsed policy can be revived through

A. Revival clause
B. New proposal
C. Automatic renewal
D. Claim payment
Explanation

Revival clauses allow reinstatement within a period (e.g., 5 years) by paying arrears and health declaration.

26
Question 26 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

Credit insurance protects

A. Lenders against borrower default
B. Insurers against claims
C. Brokers against losses
D. Agents against theft
Explanation

Credit (or trade credit) insurance indemnifies against non-payment by debtors, aiding cash flow for sellers/lenders.

27
Question 27 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

The sum assured in life policies decreases in

A. Money-back policies
B. Level term policies
C. Whole life policies
D. Joint life policies
Explanation

Money-back policies pay periodic survival benefits, reducing the outstanding sum assured over time.

28
Question 28 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

Boiler insurance is a type of

A. Engineering insurance
B. Marine insurance
C. Fire insurance
D. Health insurance
Explanation

Engineering insurance covers machinery breakdowns, including boilers, against explosion or failure.

29
Question 29 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

Misrepresentation in insurance proposals leads to

A. Policy avoidance
B. Premium increase
C. Claim rejection
D. All of the above
Explanation

Material misrepresentation allows avoidance of the contract, premium adjustments, or claim denials, depending on severity.

30
Question 30 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

The cooling-off period allows the insured to

A. Cancel the policy and get refund
B. Increase cover
C. Change beneficiary
D. Transfer policy
Explanation

Cooling-off (e.g., 14-30 days) lets policyholders cancel without penalty and receive full refund, protecting against mis-selling.

31
Question 31 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

Product liability insurance covers manufacturers against

A. Claims for defective products
B. Employee injuries
C. Advertising costs
D. Market competition
Explanation

It indemnifies against third-party claims for injury/damage from faulty products, including legal defense.

32
Question 32 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

In marine insurance, general average is

A. Voluntary sacrifice for common safety
B. Total loss
C. Partial loss
D. Sue and labour charges
Explanation

General average involves intentional sacrifice or expenditure (e.g., jettisoning cargo) for the vessel/cargo's common safety, shared proportionally.

33
Question 33 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

The broker's remuneration is usually

A. Commission from insurer
B. Fee from client
C. Both A and B
D. Salary from NAICOM
Explanation

Brokers earn commissions from insurers on premiums and may charge client fees for services.

34
Question 34 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

Personal accident insurance pays for

A. Death or disablement from accident
B. Illness
C. Theft
D. Fire
Explanation

It provides fixed benefits for accidental death, injury, or disablement, not illness or property risks.

35
Question 35 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

Unvalued policy in marine insurance pays

A. Market value at loss
B. Agreed sum
C. Replacement cost
D. Nominal value
Explanation

Unvalued policies settle based on actual market value at loss time, unlike valued which use pre-agreed amount.

36
Question 36 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

The principle of contribution prevents

A. Over-insurance
B. Under-insurance
C. Both A and B
D. Risk transfer
Explanation

Contribution prorates claims among multiple insurers when over-insured, preventing profit from duplicate covers.

37
Question 37 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

Directors and officers liability insurance covers

A. Wrongful acts in management
B. Property damage
C. Employee benefits
D. Tax liabilities
Explanation

D&O insurance protects executives against claims for mismanagement, breach of duty, or errors.

38
Question 38 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

The waiting period in health insurance avoids claims for

A. Pre-existing conditions
B. Future illnesses
C. Accidental injuries
D. Routine check-ups
Explanation

Waiting periods (e.g., 30 days to 4 years) exclude immediate claims on pre-existing conditions to manage adverse selection.

39
Question 39 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

All risks policy in property insurance covers

A. All perils except exclusions
B. Named perils only
C. War risks
D. Nuclear risks
Explanation

All-risks policies cover fortuitous losses unless specifically excluded (e.g., war, wear/tear), broader than named perils.

40
Question 40 of 40
WAEC · Insurance · 2023

The ombudsman scheme in insurance is for

A. Settling disputes amicably
B. Underwriting risks
C. Premium collection
D. Policy issuance
Explanation

The insurance ombudsman mediates complaints between policyholders and insurers for fair, cost-free resolution.

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