The IUPAC name of the compound CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ is
The longest chain has 4 carbons (butane); a methyl group is on carbon 2, so it’s 2-methylbutane.
Which of the following is used as fuel in miners’ lamps?
Ethyne (acetylene) burns with a bright flame, suitable for miners’ lamps.
Benzene reacts with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst at 180°C to form
Benzene undergoes hydrogenation to form cyclohexane (C₆H₁₂).
Which gas hastens the ripening of fruits?
Ethene (ethylene) is a plant hormone that promotes fruit ripening.
The final products of complete chlorination of methane in the presence of ultraviolet light are
With excess chlorine, methane forms tetrachloromethane (CCl₄) and HCl.
The correct order of increasing boiling points for C₃H₇OH, C₇H₁₆, and C₄H₁₀ is
Boiling points: C₄H₁₀ (-0.5°C), C₇H₁₆ (98°C), C₃H₇OH (97°C, higher due to hydrogen bonding).
The haloalkane commonly used in dry cleaning is
Tetrachloroethene (C₂Cl₄) is a solvent used in dry cleaning.
A hydrocarbon Y treated with bromine water does not decolorize it. Y belongs to
Alkanes do not react with bromine water; alkenes and alkynes decolorize it.
The compound historically used as an anaesthetic is
Chloroform (CHCl₃) was used as an anaesthetic.
A major use of alkanes is
Alkanes like methane and propane are widely used as fuels.
The oxidation number of sulphur in H₂SO₄ is
H (+1), O (-2); 2(+1) + S + 4(-2) = 0; S = +6.
Which of the following is a physical change?
Melting of ice is reversible and involves no chemical change.
The molarity of a solution containing 4.0 g of NaOH in 250 cm³ is [Na = 23, O = 16, H = 1]
Molar mass NaOH = 40 g/mol; moles = 4/40 = 0.1 mol; volume = 0.25 L; M = 0.1/0.25 = 0.4 M.
The gas responsible for acid rain is
Sulphur dioxide forms sulphurous and sulphuric acids in rain.
The shape of a CH₄ molecule is
CH₄ has four bonding pairs, forming a tetrahedral shape.
Which of the following is an electrolyte?
NaCl dissociates into ions, conducting electricity.
The main source of organic compounds is
Petroleum is the primary source of hydrocarbons.
The pH of a neutral solution at 25°C is
At 25°C, [H⁺] = [OH⁻] = 10⁻⁷ M, so pH = 7.
The gas that bleaches green leaves is
Chlorine oxidizes chlorophyll, causing bleaching.
The type of bond in ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) is
NH₄Cl has ionic (NH₄⁺, Cl⁻), covalent (N-H), and coordinate (N→H) bonds.
The compound 2-chlorobutane exhibits
2-Chlorobutane has a chiral carbon, showing optical isomerism.
An organic compound has an empirical formula CH₂O and vapour density of 45. What is its molecular formula? [C = 12, H = 1, O = 16]
Molar mass = 2 × 45 = 90; (CH₂O)₃ = C₃H₆O₃ (90 g/mol).
The reaction C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂ + energy produces
Fermentation of glucose produces ethanol (C₂H₅OH).
The number of isomers of C₄H₁₀ is
C₄H₁₀ has two isomers: n-butane and isobutane.
The functional groups in 2-chloroethanol (ClCH₂CH₂OH) are
2-Chloroethanol has -OH (hydroxyl) and -Cl (chloro) groups.
Which of the following is a primary amine?
CH₃NH₂ has one alkyl group, making it a primary amine.
An organic compound K forms a red precipitate with Fehling’s solution, unlike compound L. K is an
Alkanals (aldehydes) reduce Fehling’s solution, forming a red precipitate.
Which statement is true about 2-methylpropane and butane?
Both are C₄H₁₀, belonging to the alkane homologous series.
The reaction CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH → CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O is
Acid + alcohol forms an ester and water, known as esterification.
The process of converting starch to ethanol involves
Starch is hydrolyzed to glucose, then fermented to ethanol.
Which metal is the most reactive?
Potassium is highest in the reactivity series.
The empirical formula of a hydrocarbon with molecular formula C₆H₁₄ is
C₆H₁₄ ÷ 2 = C₃H₇ (simplest ratio).
The mass of one mole of electrons is [1 electron = 9.1 × 10⁻³¹ kg, Avogadro’s number = 6.02 × 10²³]
Mass = 9.1 × 10⁻³¹ × 6.02 × 10²³ ≈ 5.5 × 10⁻⁷ kg.
Which gas contributes to the greenhouse effect?
Carbon dioxide traps heat, contributing to the greenhouse effect.
The rate of a chemical reaction can be increased by
Catalysts lower activation energy, speeding up reactions.
The compound used in soap production is
Sodium hydroxide reacts with fats in saponification to make soap.
The energy change for 2H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2H₂O(l) is the
The energy change in a reaction is the enthalpy change (ΔH).
Which substance is deliquescent?
Calcium chloride absorbs moisture, forming a solution.
The separation technique for purifying crude oil is
Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation.
The formula of the nitrate ion is
The nitrate ion is NO₃⁻.
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