Which of the following devices is used to convert analog signals to digital signals?
A modem converts analog signals to digital signals and vice versa, enabling internet connectivity by translating signals between a computer and an ISP. Option B is correct.
What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 1101?
To convert 1101 to decimal: (1×2³) + (1×2²) + (0×2¹) + (1×2⁰) = 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 13. Option C is correct.
Which of the following is a feature of third-generation computers?
Third-generation computers (1964–1971) used integrated circuits, improving efficiency and size over transistors (second-generation). Option B is correct.
In programming, what is the purpose of a loop?
A loop repeats a block of code until a condition is met, such as ‘for’ or ‘while’ loops, enabling repetitive tasks. Option B is correct.
Which of the following is an example of application software?
Microsoft Excel is application software for user tasks, unlike system software (Linux, Windows XP) or drivers. Option B is correct.
What does the acronym BIOS stand for?
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) initializes hardware during boot and provides runtime services. Option A is correct.
Which of the following is used to create a webpage’s structure?
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) defines a webpage’s structure, while CSS styles, and JavaScript/PHP add interactivity or server-side functions. Option B is correct.
The hexadecimal equivalent of the decimal number 10 is:
In hexadecimal, decimal 10 is A, as it uses base-16 (0–9, A–F for 10–15). Option A is correct.
Which of the following is a function of an assembler?
An assembler translates assembly language (low-level) into machine code for execution. Option B is correct.
What is the purpose of a foreign key in a database?
A foreign key links tables by referencing a primary key, ensuring data integrity. Option B is correct.
Which of the following is a non-volatile storage device?
A flash drive retains data without power (non-volatile), unlike RAM, cache, or registers (volatile). Option C is correct.
In networking, what does WAN stand for?
WAN (Wide Area Network) connects devices over large areas, like the internet. Option B is correct.
Which of the following is a valid data type in Python?
Python uses Integer (int), String (str), Float, etc., but not Character, Real, or Double as distinct types. Option A is correct.
What is the role of a switch in a network?
A switch forwards data to specific devices in a LAN based on MAC addresses. Option B is correct.
Which of the following is an output device?
A monitor displays visual output, unlike scanners, keyboards, or mice (input devices). Option C is correct.
What does SQL stand for in database management?
SQL (Structured Query Language) manages relational databases for data manipulation. Option A is correct.
The binary equivalent of the hexadecimal number B is:
Hexadecimal B is decimal 11. Binary: 11 ÷ 2 = 5 remainder 1, 5 ÷ 2 = 2 remainder 1, 2 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 0, 1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1, so 1011. Option B is correct.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a relational database?
Relational databases organize data in tables linked by keys, unlike hierarchical or object-oriented databases. Option B is correct.
What is the purpose of a flowchart in programming?
A flowchart visually represents algorithms using shapes for steps and decisions, aiding planning. Option C is correct.
Which of the following is a protocol for sending emails?
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) sends emails, unlike HTTP, FTP, or TCP. Option C is correct.
Which of the following is a feature of a spreadsheet?
Spreadsheets (e.g., Excel) enable data organization and calculation with formulas. Option B is correct.
What is the octal equivalent of the decimal number 25?
Convert 25 to octal: 25 ÷ 8 = 3 remainder 1, so 31. Option B is correct.
Which of the following is a low-level programming language?
Assembly uses mnemonic codes, closer to machine code than high-level languages like Python or Java. Option C is correct.
What is the role of an interpreter in programming?
An interpreter executes high-level code line by line, unlike a compiler. Option B is correct.
Which of the following is a type of computer virus?
A Trojan is malware disguised as legitimate software, unlike firewalls, routers, or browsers. Option A is correct.
What does RAM stand for in computer hardware?
RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile memory for temporary data storage. Option A is correct.
Which of the following is used to style a webpage?
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) styles webpage appearance, such as colors and layouts. Option B is correct.
In binary arithmetic, 110 - 11 equals:
Convert to decimal: 110 = 6, 11 = 3. Subtract: 6 - 3 = 3. Convert 3 to binary: 011. Alternatively, binary subtraction: 110 - 011 = 011 (borrow from higher bits). Option A is correct.
Which of the following is a feature of a GUI?
A GUI uses graphical icons, windows, and menus, unlike text-based interfaces. Option B is correct.
What is the purpose of a backup in computing?
A backup restores data lost due to failures or attacks. Option B is correct.
Which of the following is an example of a web browser?
Google Chrome is a web browser for accessing websites, unlike Word, Notepad, or Excel. Option B is correct.
What is the function of a cache memory?
Cache memory stores frequently accessed data to reduce access time, boosting CPU performance. Option B is correct.
Which of the following is a server-side programming language?
PHP processes requests on the server for dynamic content, unlike JavaScript (often client-side), CSS, or HTML. Option C is correct.
What is the smallest unit of digital information?
A bit (0 or 1) is the smallest unit of digital information. Option B is correct.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a supercomputer?
Supercomputers perform high-speed computations for scientific research. Option B is correct.
What does FTP stand for in networking?
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) transfers files between computers on a network. Option A is correct.
Which of the following is a type of operating system?
Ubuntu is a Linux-based operating system, unlike the other application software options. Option B is correct.
In a flowchart, the parallelogram shape represents:
A parallelogram in a flowchart represents input/output operations, like reading or displaying data. Option C is correct.
Which of the following is used to query a database?
SQL queries and manages data in relational databases. Option B is correct.
What is the purpose of an IP address?
An IP address uniquely identifies a device on a network for communication. Option A is correct.
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