JAMB Biology 2000
Questions & Answers

Sunlight provides the energy for photosynthesis, which plants use to produce glucose for growth.

A parasite lives on or in a host organism, feeding off it and often causing harm, like a tick on a dog.

The phloem transports food, such as sugars produced during photosynthesis, from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

Grasslands are dominated by grasses with few trees, typically found in regions with moderate rainfall.

Bears are omnivores, eating both plants (like berries) and animals (like fish), depending on availability.

The tongue’s taste buds detect flavors, aiding in food selection and digestion. It also helps in speech and manipulating food during chewing.

Aquatic ecosystems, like oceans and rivers, are defined by the presence of water, supporting diverse aquatic life.

Hibernation is a deep sleep state that animals like bears use to survive cold winters by conserving energy.

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, the pigment that gives plants their green color and absorbs light for photosynthesis.

The ovaries produce eggs (ova) and female hormones like estrogen, essential for reproduction.

Deer are herbivores, feeding primarily on plants like grass and leaves.

The ears detect sound waves for hearing and contain the vestibular system, which helps maintain balance.

Coal is non-renewable because it forms over millions of years from decayed plant matter, a process too slow to replenish within human timescales.

Metamorphosis is the process by which a tadpole transforms into a frog, involving significant physical changes.

Prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, lack a true nucleus, with their genetic material free in the cytoplasm.

The pituitary gland regulates growth and other bodily functions by secreting hormones like growth hormone.

The ovary in a plant develops into a fruit and contains ovules that become seeds after fertilization.

Migration is the seasonal movement of animals to find food, breeding grounds, or better climate conditions.

Respiration by living organisms, including animals and plants, releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as a byproduct.

Spiracles are small openings on an insect’s body that connect to a tracheal system, allowing gas exchange for respiration.

Temperate forests have distinct seasons, with warm summers and cold winters, supporting diverse plant and animal life.

A butterfly is an invertebrate, lacking a backbone, while crocodiles, eagles, and sharks are vertebrates.

Gills in fish extract dissolved oxygen from water, allowing them to breathe underwater.

Transpiration is the process where water evaporates from leaves, driving the movement of water from roots to leaves through the xylem.

Bacteria are typically unicellular prokaryotes without a true nucleus. Some, like cyanobacteria, perform photosynthesis, but this is not a universal trait.

The nervous system coordinates body activities by transmitting signals between different parts of the body.

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis, where plants produce energy from sunlight.

Wetlands have waterlogged soil, supporting unique plants and animals adapted to wet conditions.

The eyes detect light to form visual images, enabling vision and perception of the environment.

Decomposition of organic matter by bacteria and fungi releases nitrogen into the soil, making it available for plants.

The crop in birds stores food temporarily before it moves to the stomach for digestion.

Amphibians, such as frogs, have moist skin that aids in respiration and helps them stay hydrated.

The kidneys filter blood, removing waste products like urea and balancing water and electrolyte levels.

Mutualism is a relationship where both organisms benefit, such as bees pollinating flowers while collecting nectar.

The skeletal system provides support and structure to the body, allowing movement and protecting organs.

Petals are often brightly colored to attract pollinators like bees and butterflies, aiding in reproduction.

The seed coat is the tough outer covering that protects the seed from damage and desiccation.

Photosynthesis by plants and algae releases oxygen as a byproduct, making it the primary source of atmospheric oxygen.

The skin, the largest organ by surface area and weight, protects the body, regulates temperature, and detects sensations like touch.

Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body, typically under high pressure.