JAMB Computer Studies 2010
Questions & Answers

An operating system manages computer resources such as memory, CPU, and peripherals, enabling software to interact with hardware efficiently.

A stack operates on the LIFO principle, where the last element added is the first to be removed, like a stack of plates.

CPU stands for Central Processing Unit, the component responsible for executing instructions from programs.

JavaScript is widely used for client-side web development, enabling interactive features in browsers.

The decimal number 10 is represented as 1010 in binary, calculated by dividing by 2 and noting remainders (10 = 2^3 + 2^1).

MySQL is a relational database management system that uses structured tables and SQL, unlike MongoDB, Redis, or Cassandra, which are NoSQL databases.

HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language, used for structuring content on the web.

Dijkstra’s Algorithm finds the shortest path in a weighted graph by iteratively selecting the node with the smallest distance.

Binary search has a time complexity of O(log n) because it halves the search space with each iteration.

Hardware Software is not a valid category; software includes system, application, and utility software, while hardware refers to physical components.

A compiler translates high-level source code into machine code that a computer can execute.

HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) uses encryption to ensure secure communication over the internet.

A firewall monitors and controls network traffic to prevent unauthorized access and enhance security.

Java is an object-oriented programming language that supports concepts like inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism.

RAM stands for Random Access Memory, a volatile memory used for temporary data storage during processing.

Quick Sort has an average-case time complexity of O(n log n), making it more efficient than Bubble, Selection, or Insertion Sort.

DNS (Domain Name System) translates human-readable domain names (e.g., www.example.com) into IP addresses used by computers.

ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile, retaining data even when power is off, unlike RAM, cache, or registers.

SQL stands for Structured Query Language, used for managing and querying relational databases.

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) is a cloud computing model providing virtualized computing resources, unlike HTTP, FTP, or TCP, which are protocols.

A loop allows a block of code to be executed repeatedly until a condition is met.

Graphical is not a programming paradigm; it refers to visual interfaces, while Object-Oriented, Functional, and Procedural are programming approaches.

An API (Application Programming Interface) enables different software systems to communicate and share data or functionality.

Git is a version control system for tracking changes in code, while Docker, Kubernetes, and Jenkins are used for containerization, orchestration, and CI/CD.

The binary number 1011 equals 11 in decimal (8 + 2 + 1), which is represented as B in hexadecimal.

SQL Injection is a cyberattack where malicious SQL code is inserted to manipulate a database, unlike the other options, which are not attacks.

GUI stands for Graphical User Interface, allowing users to interact with systems through visual elements like windows and icons.

A heap, typically a binary heap, is used to implement a priority queue, allowing efficient retrieval of the highest-priority element.

An 'if' statement evaluates a condition and executes code based on whether the condition is true or false.

Python is a high-level programming language, designed for readability and abstraction, unlike Assembly, Machine Code, or Binary.

A router connects different networks and directs data packets between them based on IP addresses.

ZIP is a lossless compression algorithm, preserving all original data, unlike JPEG, MP3, and MPEG, which are lossy.

A linker combines multiple object code files into a single executable program, resolving references between them.

A linked list has a dynamic size, allowing nodes to be added or removed easily, unlike arrays with fixed size or contiguous memory.

VPN stands for Virtual Private Network, providing secure, encrypted connections over the internet.

Linear Regression is a machine learning algorithm used for predictive modeling, unlike Quick Sort, Binary Search, or Bubble Sort, which are sorting or searching algorithms.

A hash table stores data using a hash function for fast retrieval, with average-case O(1) time complexity for lookups.

Linux is an open-source operating system, allowing free access to its source code, unlike Windows, macOS, or iOS.

The TCP/IP model standardizes network communication, defining protocols for data transmission over the internet.

Modular programming breaks code into independent modules, improving reusability and maintainability across projects.