What is the primary role of the control unit in a CPU?
The control unit orchestrates the CPU’s activities by fetching, decoding, and executing instructions. It coordinates components like the ALU and memory, unlike arithmetic tasks (ALU’s role), data storage (memory), or network management (network interface).
Which data structure best supports recursive algorithms?
Recursion relies on a stack’s Last In, First Out (LIFO) structure to manage function calls, storing return addresses and variables. Queues (FIFO), arrays (static), and linked lists lack this natural call-handling capability.
What does ROM represent in computer memory?
ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile, storing permanent instructions like firmware. It’s not random (like RAM), reusable output, or real-time memory, which are not standard terms.
Which language is commonly used for modern web development?
JavaScript is widely used for dynamic web content, enabling interactivity in browsers. Pascal, Fortran, and COBOL are outdated or specialized, not primary for modern web development. (Note: Replaced iOS-specific Swift from original to avoid anachronism for 2004.)
What is the hexadecimal value of binary 11010?
Binary 11010 is 16 + 8 + 2 = 26 in decimal. In hexadecimal, 26 is 1A (1*16 + 10). Converting directly: 11010 splits as 0001 1010, yielding 1A.
Which of the following is a relational database management system?
MySQL is a relational database using tables and SQL, unlike MongoDB (document), Cassandra (column-family), or Redis (key-value). (Note: Replaced Neo4j to reflect relational databases relevant to JAMB syllabus.)
What does HTML stand for in web development?
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) structures web content using tags. It’s not a hyperlink manager, high-level module, or hosted language.
Which algorithm finds the shortest path in a weighted graph?
Dijkstra’s Algorithm computes the shortest path in a weighted graph from a source to all vertices. BFS and DFS work on unweighted graphs, and Kruskal’s finds minimum spanning trees. (Note: Replaced Kosaraju’s for syllabus relevance.)
What is the average-case time complexity of quicksort?
Quicksort’s average-case complexity is O(n log n) due to its divide-and-conquer partitioning. Worst-case is O(n^2), but O(n) and O(log n) don’t apply.
Which device is considered an input device?
A mouse sends user input to the computer, making it an input device. Monitors, printers, and speakers are output devices, displaying or producing data.
What does a compiler do in software development?
A compiler converts high-level source code into machine code for execution. It doesn’t execute code, manage memory, or debug, which are separate processes.
Which protocol is used for email transmission?
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) handles email sending. FTP transfers files, HTTP serves web pages, and TELNET enables remote access.
What is the main function of a router in a network?
A router directs data between different networks (e.g., LAN to WAN) using IP addresses. LAN connections are for switches, storage is for servers, and encryption is for security protocols.
Which language is primarily used for structured programming?
C supports structured programming with functions and control structures. HTML and CSS are markup/styling, and SQL is for database queries. (Note: Replaced Prolog for syllabus focus.)
What does CPU stand for?
CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the computer’s processor, executing instructions. Other options are not standard computing terms.
Which sorting algorithm is best for small datasets?
Insertion Sort is efficient for small datasets due to low overhead and O(n^2) complexity, outperforming Merge, Quick, or Heap Sort for few elements.
What does DNS do in networking?
DNS (Domain Name System) translates domain names (e.g., google.com) to IP addresses for network communication. It doesn’t encrypt, compress, or manage email.
Which is a primary storage device?
RAM (Random Access Memory) is primary storage, volatile and used for active data. Hard disks, USB drives, and CD-ROMs are secondary, non-volatile storage.
What does GUI stand for?
GUI (Graphical User Interface) allows user interaction via visual elements like windows and icons, unlike the other non-standard terms.
Which software manages computer hardware?
An Operating System (e.g., Windows) manages hardware resources like CPU and memory. Browsers, editors, and databases serve specific application roles.
What is the purpose of a loop in programming?
Loops (e.g., for, while) repeat code until a condition is met, enabling repetitive tasks. They don’t execute once, define variables, or handle errors directly.
Which is a type of virus?
A worm is a self-replicating malware type. Firewalls and antivirus are security tools, and routers are hardware, not viruses.
What does a gateway do in a network?
A gateway connects networks with different protocols (e.g., LAN to WAN), unlike packet storage, file compression, or LAN management.
Which tool is used for version control?
Git tracks code changes for version control. Docker manages containers, Jenkins automates builds, and Kubernetes orchestrates containers. (Note: Adjusted for 2004 relevance, focusing on version control.)
What is the binary equivalent of decimal 19?
Decimal 19 is 16 + 2 + 1 = 10011 in binary (1*2^4 + 0*2^3 + 0*2^2 + 1*2^1 + 1*2^0).
Which is a common web security threat?
SQL Injection exploits database vulnerabilities by injecting malicious code. Compression, sharing, and routing are not security threats.
What does LAN stand for?
LAN (Local Area Network) connects devices in a limited area, like an office. Other options are not standard networking terms.
Which data structure is used for a binary search tree?
A binary search tree is a tree structure with nodes organized for efficient searching, where left children are smaller and right children larger.
What does the ‘continue’ statement do in a loop?
The ‘continue’ statement skips the current iteration and proceeds to the next, unlike exiting, restarting, or pausing the loop.
Which is a high-level programming language?
Python is a high-level language, readable and abstracted from hardware, unlike assembly, machine code, or bytecode, which are low-level.
What is the role of a hub in a network?
A hub broadcasts incoming data to all connected devices, unlike switches (intelligent routing), encryption tools, or storage devices.
Which is a common image file format?
JPEG is an image format for photos. MP3 is audio, TXT is text, and EXE is executable, not images.
What is the purpose of an interpreter?
An interpreter executes source code directly, line-by-line, without compiling, unlike compilers, memory optimizers, or linkers.
Which property defines a queue data structure?
A queue follows First In, First Out (FIFO), where the first element added is the first removed, unlike LIFO (stack), sorted, or random access.
What does TCP stand for?
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) ensures reliable data transfer in networks. Other options are not standard networking terms.
Which algorithm is used for data compression?
Huffman Coding compresses data by assigning shorter codes to frequent symbols. Others are for shortest paths, search, or spanning trees.
What is the function of cache memory?
Cache memory stores frequently accessed data for quick CPU retrieval, improving performance. It’s not for long-term storage, routing, or execution.
Which is a common operating system?
Linux is an operating system managing hardware and software. Excel, Photoshop, and Firefox are applications or browsers.
What does FTP stand for?
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) transfers files between computers. Other options are not standard networking terms.
What is a benefit of modular programming?
Modular programming breaks code into reusable modules, easing maintenance and updates. Speed, memory, or compilation benefits are secondary.
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