JAMB Computer Studies 2015
Questions & Answers

The instruction register holds the current instruction fetched from memory during the CPU’s fetch-decode-execute cycle, enabling the processor to decode and execute it.

A trie stores strings in a tree-like structure, allowing efficient prefix-based searches, making it ideal for autocomplete features in search engines.

EEPROM stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, a non-volatile memory that can be erased and reprogrammed using electrical signals.

C# is the primary language for Unity, providing robust scripting capabilities and seamless integration with the game engine.

Hexadecimal 3C is converted to binary by mapping each digit: 3 = 0011, C (12) = 1100. Thus, 3C = 00111100.

HBase is a columnar NoSQL database, designed for large-scale data with real-time read/write access, unlike MongoDB (document-based), Couchbase (key-value), or PostgreSQL (relational).

XHTML stands for eXtensible HyperText Markup Language, a stricter, XML-compliant version of HTML used for web development.

Kahn’s Algorithm determines the topological order of a directed acyclic graph by processing nodes with no incoming edges, useful in scheduling tasks.

A hash table offers average-case O(1) time complexity for accessing elements due to its key-based lookup, assuming minimal collisions.

A mouse is a pointing device used to navigate graphical interfaces, unlike monitors (output), printers (output), or speakers (audio output).

A bootloader initializes hardware and loads the operating system into memory during system startup, enabling the computer to function.

RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) supports real-time audio and video transmission in VoIP, unlike FTP (file transfer), HTTP (web), or SMTP (email).

A cooling fan dissipates heat from components like the CPU and GPU, preventing overheating and maintaining system performance.

JavaScript is event-driven, responding to user interactions like clicks or keypresses, widely used in web applications.

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is firmware that initializes hardware and provides essential system services during startup.

Merge Sort is stable, preserving the relative order of equal elements, and is efficient for linked lists with O(n log n) complexity.

NAT (Network Address Translation) maps private IP addresses to public ones, enabling local networks to access the internet.

NAND is a type of flash memory used in SSDs and USB drives for non-volatile storage, unlike RAM (volatile), cache (temporary), or ROM (read-only).

SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is a protocol for exchanging structured data in web services, ensuring reliable communication.

AWS Lambda is a serverless platform, executing code without server management, unlike Hadoop (big data), MySQL (database), or Docker Swarm (container orchestration).

A nested loop runs a loop inside another, used for tasks like processing multi-dimensional arrays or matrices.

SQL is a database query language, not a hardware port, unlike USB, HDMI, or VGA, which connect devices.

A DNS resolver converts domain names (e.g., google.com) to IP addresses, enabling access to online resources.

Nagios monitors system and network performance, unlike Git (version control), Docker (containerization), or Jenkins (automation).

Binary 10101 is calculated as: 1*2^4 + 0*2^3 + 1*2^2 + 0*2^1 + 1*2^0 = 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 21 in decimal.

Pretexting is a social engineering attack where attackers deceive victims to gain information, unlike the others, which are technical exploits.

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) spans a city or campus, connecting multiple LANs, larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN.

A min-heap is implemented using an array, representing a complete binary tree where the smallest element is at the root, enabling efficient operations.

A 'return' statement exits a function and optionally sends a value back to the caller, used in languages like C and Python.

Python is dynamically typed, determining variable types at runtime, unlike C++, Java, or Go, which are statically typed.

A bridge connects network segments, filtering traffic based on MAC addresses to reduce collisions and improve efficiency.

MKV (Matroska Video) is a video file format, supporting video and audio, unlike MP3, FLAC, or WAV, which are audio formats.

The syntax analyzer, or parser, checks the grammatical structure of code tokens, ensuring compliance with the programming language’s syntax.

A queue operates on a First In, First Out (FIFO) basis, where the earliest added element is removed first, like a line of people.

TLS (Transport Layer Security) is a protocol that secures network communications, commonly used in HTTPS for safe web browsing.

DBSCAN is a clustering algorithm that groups data based on density, unlike Decision Tree, SVM (classification), or Linear Regression (regression).

Pipelining overlaps the fetch, decode, and execute stages of instructions, enabling concurrent execution to improve CPU performance.

macOS is a Unix-based operating system, built on a Unix-like kernel, unlike Windows, MS-DOS, or Android (Linux-based).

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state routing protocol that efficiently routes packets in IP networks.

Abstraction hides complex implementation details, simplifying code design and maintenance, making it easier to understand and modify.