JAMB Government 2000
Questions & Answers

Freedom of speech, religion, and the press are fundamental human rights under international frameworks like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The right to free electricity is not a recognized fundamental human right.

All listed groups (A, B, C) are pressure groups as they advocate for specific interests (business, teachers, students) to influence government policy.

Pressure groups are organized entities that aim to influence government decisions or legislation to align with their interests, such as labor unions or trade associations.

The primary function of a national legislature is to create laws that govern the country and promote the welfare of its citizens.

The U.S. Constitution is rooted in the principle of equality and the endowment of inalienable rights, as stated in its preamble and the Declaration of Independence.

A constitution serves as a foundational guide for governance, outlining the structure, powers, and principles of a country’s government.

Constitutions establish the framework for political activities, including rules, structures, and objectives for governance.

The franchise refers to the right to vote in elections, a fundamental democratic principle.

The United Kingdom has an unwritten constitution, relying on statutes, common law, and conventions rather than a single codified document.

This phrase means the Queen, as a constitutional monarch, is legally immune from prosecution and acts on the advice of her government.

The rule of law means that everyone, regardless of status, is subject to the law, ensuring no one is above it. Equality before the law is also a component, but 'Nobody is above the law' is the primary definition.

In the U.S., if the president vetoes a bill, Congress can override the veto with a two-thirds majority in both Houses, making the bill a law.

Delegated legislation, also called subordinate legislation, refers to laws made by an authority under powers given by a primary statute.

The electorate refers to the body of people legally qualified to vote in elections for parliamentary candidates.

Separation of powers divides government into branches (legislative, executive, judicial) to prevent abuse of power and protect individual freedoms.

A flexible constitution can be easily amended, while a rigid one has a more complex amendment process, like requiring a supermajority.

Citizens are primarily obligated to be loyal to the state and engage in its political processes, such as voting and civic participation.

Federal systems, like the U.S. or Nigeria, typically have written constitutions to define the division of powers between federal and state governments.

A system of checks and balances ensures the judiciary remains independent by preventing other branches from overstepping their authority.

The executive branch governs the state between legislative sessions by implementing laws and managing daily administration.

The rule of law ensures that justice and fairness are the basis of governance, with everyone accountable to transparent laws.

In a cabinet system (e.g., parliamentary), the executive (cabinet) is drawn from the legislature, blending powers rather than strictly separating them.

Adult male suffrage specifically refers to the right of all adult males to vote, regardless of other qualifications like tax payment.

Islam spread widely in Northern Nigeria after the Jihad of Uthman Dan Fodio in the early 19th century, which established the Sokoto Caliphate.

Sir Frederick Lugard introduced indirect rule in Nigeria, using local chiefs to govern under British oversight during colonial rule.

French colonial administration aimed to assimilate Africans into French culture, unlike the British indirect rule system.

The Democratic Party of Nigeria and the Cameroon was not part of the early nationalist movement, which included groups like the Nigerian Youth Movement.

The Oha-na Eze (council of elders) in Igbo society was a democratic body where community decisions were made collectively.

The emirate system was established in the 19th century following the Jihad of Uthman Dan Fodio, creating the Sokoto Caliphate.

The District Commissioner was the lowest administrative level, overseeing local governance under the colonial hierarchy.

British colonial rule in Nigeria was authoritarian, with power centralized under colonial officials, not democratic or Nigerian-led.

Indirect rule failed in Eastern Nigeria because the British imposed warrant chiefs, which lacked legitimacy in the acephalous Igbo society.

The NPC, NCNC, and AG were the dominant political parties in Nigeria during this period, representing major regional interests.

Aminu Kano was a founding member of the National Congress of British West Africa, advocating for anti-colonial reforms.

The Mid-Western Region was created in 1963, carved out of the Western Region to address regional demands.

The Oyomesi, a council of chiefs in the Yoruba political system, advised the Oba and acted as a check on his authority, ensuring balanced governance.

The Clifford Constitution of 1922 introduced the elective principle, allowing limited representation in the Legislative Council for Lagos and Calabar.

The Richards Constitution of 1946 established a federal structure with regional assemblies for the North, East, and West, promoting regional representation.

The NCNC, a major nationalist party, was founded and led by Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, who advocated for Nigerian independence.

The 1914 amalgamation, led by Lord Lugard, unified the administrations of Northern and Southern Nigeria for efficient colonial governance.