Which of the following is a fundamental physical quantity?
Mass is a fundamental physical quantity, measured in kilograms, as it is not derived from other quantities, unlike velocity, force, or work, which are derived.
Two cars moving in the same direction have speeds of 100 kmh⁻¹ and 130 kmh⁻¹. What is the velocity of the faster car as measured by an observer in the slower car?
Relative velocity is the difference in speeds: 130 kmh⁻¹ - 100 kmh⁻¹ = 30 kmh⁻¹.
The diagram above shows a velocity-time graph. The statement that is true about this motion is that, the car
The positive slope between points F and G on the velocity-time graph indicates acceleration.
A stone and a feather are dropped from the same height above the earth surface. Ignoring air resistance, which of the following is correct?
In the absence of air resistance, all objects fall at the same rate regardless of mass, reaching the ground simultaneously.
A car moves with an initial velocity of 25 ms⁻¹ and reaches a velocity of 45 ms⁻¹ in 10 s. What is the acceleration of the car?
Acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity) / time = (45 - 25) / 10 = 2 ms⁻².
An object is weighed at different locations on the earth. What will be the right observation?
Mass remains constant as it is intrinsic, while weight varies with gravitational field strength at different locations.
The diagram above represents balls in an undulating surface. Which of the following options represents positions of stable equilibrium?
Stable equilibrium occurs at the lowest points where the ball rests naturally: positions II, V, and VIII.
A bob of weight 0.1 N hangs from a massless string of length 50 cm. A variable horizontal force which increases from zero is applied to pull the bob until the string makes an angle of 60° with the vertical. The work done is
Work done = weight × vertical displacement = 0.1 × 0.5 × (1 - cos60°) = 0.1 × 0.5 × 0.5 = 0.050 J.
The surfaces of conveyor belts are made rough so as to
Rough surfaces increase friction, preventing loads from slipping during transport.
A machine of velocity ratio 6 requires an effort of 400 N to raise a load of 800 N through 1 m. Find the efficiency of the machine
Efficiency = (mechanical advantage / velocity ratio) × 100 = (800 / 400) / 6 × 100 = 33.3%.
If a wire 30 cm long is extended to 30.5 cm by a force of 300 N. Find the strain energy of the wire
Strain energy = 0.5 × force × extension = 0.5 × 300 × 0.005 = 0.75 J.
In a hydraulic press, the pump piston exerts a pressure of 100 Pa on the liquid. What force is exerted in the second piston of cross-sectional area 3 m²?
Force = pressure × area = 100 × 3 = 300 N.
The accurate measurement of the relative density of a substance in its powdered form is done with a
A density bottle is used to precisely measure the relative density of powdered substances.
A hydrometer is an instrument used in measuring
A hydrometer measures the relative density of a liquid by comparing its density to that of water.
One special advantage of alcohol over mercury as a thermometric liquid is its
Alcohol’s low freezing point allows it to remain liquid at lower temperatures, making it suitable for cold environments.
Two metals P and Q of lengths l₁ and l₂ are heated through the same temperature difference. If the ratio of the linear expansivities of P to Q is 2:3 and the ratio of their lengths is 3:4. What is the ratio of increase in lengths of P to Q?
Increase in length ∝ expansivity × length; ratio = (2/3) × (3/4) = 1/2, so P:Q = 2:1.
A liquid has a mass of 4000 kg when its volume is 5 m³. What is its density?
Density = mass / volume = 4000 / 5 = 800 kgm⁻³.
Heat is radiated by all hot objects in the form of
Hot objects emit heat primarily as infrared rays, a form of electromagnetic radiation.
If a container is filled with ice to the brim, what happens to the level of water when the ice completely melts?
Ice displaces its equivalent volume of water; when it melts, the water level remains unchanged.
The small droplet of water that forms on the grass in the early hours of the morning is
Dew forms when water vapor condenses on cool surfaces like grass overnight.
A vapour is said to be saturated when
A saturated vapour is in dynamic equilibrium, where the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation.
The pressure of one mole of an ideal gas of volume 10⁻² m³ at a temperature of 27°C is [Molar gas constant = 8.3 Jmol⁻¹K⁻¹]
Using PV = nRT, P = (1 × 8.3 × 300) / 0.01 = 2.49 × 10⁵ Nm⁻².
Which of the following has no effect on radiation?
Density does not directly influence the rate of thermal radiation, unlike temperature, surface area, or surface properties.
The wavelength of a wave travelling with a velocity of 420 ms⁻¹ is 42 m. What is its period?
Period = wavelength / velocity = 42 / 420 = 0.1 s.
The sound of an electric bell dies down slowly when air is slowly pumped out from a bottle because
Sound requires a medium like air to propagate; removing air creates a vacuum, stopping sound transmission.
During a thunderstorm, the sound is heard over a long time. This phenomenon is referred to as
Reverberation occurs when thunder sound echoes multiple times, prolonging the sound.
The velocity of sound in air at 16°C is 340 ms⁻¹. What will it be when the pressure is doubled and its temperature is raised to 127°C?
Velocity ∝ √T; v = 340 × √(400 / 289) ≈ 340 × 1.176 = 400 ms⁻¹.
In comparing the camera and the human eye, the film of the camera functions as the
The film in a camera captures light to form an image, similar to the retina in the human eye.
An object 4 cm high is placed 15 cm from a concave mirror of focal length 5 cm. The size of the image is
Using 1/v + 1/u = 1/f, 1/v + 1/15 = 1/5; v = 7.5 cm. Magnification = v/u = 7.5/15 = 0.5. Image height = 4 × 0.5 = 2 cm.
An object is placed 20 cm below the surface of a liquid with a refractive index of 1.33. What is the apparent depth of the object?
Apparent depth = real depth / refractive index = 20 / 1.33 ≈ 15.04 cm.
Which of the following is used for the correction of short-sightedness?
Concave lenses diverge light to correct short-sightedness, allowing distant objects to focus on the retina.
Dispersion occurs when white light passes through a glass prism because of the
Different colors of light travel at different speeds in glass, causing dispersion as they refract at different angles.
When a positively charged rod is brought nearer the cap of a positively charged electroscope, the leaves diverge will
Like charges repel, causing the positively charged leaves to diverge further.
Three capacitors of capacitance, 2 µF, 4 µF and 8 µF are connected in parallel and a p.d of 6 V is maintained across each capacitor, the total energy stored is
Total capacitance = 2 + 4 + 8 = 14 µF. Energy = 0.5 × C × V² = 0.5 × 14 × 10⁻⁶ × 6² = 2.52 × 10⁻⁴ J.
The diagram above shows a balanced metre bridge the value of x is
For a balanced meter bridge, 8 / (100 - x) = 4 / x; solving gives x = 33.3 cm.
Three 4 Ω resistors connected in parallel have a potential difference of 16 V applied across them. What is the total current in the circuit?
Equivalent resistance = 4 / 3 Ω. Total current = V / R = 16 / (4/3) = 12 A.
A galvanometer with full-scale deflection of 10 mA is to be converted to a voltmeter with full-scale deflection of 5 V. If a series resistance of 498 Ω is used for the conversion, the resistance of the galvanometer is
Total resistance = V / I = 5 / 0.01 = 500 Ω. Galvanometer resistance = 500 - 498 = 2 Ω.
The force experienced by a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field is used in the operation of a
A moving coil galvanometer operates based on the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field, causing deflection.
Which of the following is a unit of magnetic flux?
The unit of magnetic flux is the weber, measuring the total magnetic field passing through a given area.
The primary coil of a transformer has 200 turns and the secondary coil has 800 turns. If the input voltage is 120 V, what is the output voltage?
Using the transformer equation, V_s / V_p = N_s / N_p, where V_p = 120 V, N_p = 200, and N_s = 800. Thus, V_s = (800 / 200) × 120 = 480 V.
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